Monday, October 10, 2011

Durga Puja has early traces in Tamil lands.


Vijaya Dasami popularly known as Durga Puja is an ancient custom in India including Tamilnadu. But year after year we used to hear the Dravidian protagonist, Karunanidhi denigrating that custom along with other customs. According to him Vijaya dasami is an Aryan practice imposed on Tamils by the Brahmins (Aryans). The following article written in Tamil by Mr Bala Gauthaman and published in Dinamani News magazine explains with suitable evidences from inscriptions and Sangam texts that Vijaya dasami and Ayudha puja had very much been an integral part of the Tamil society.

After reading this article, I get reminded of 2 descriptions from Silappadhikaram which speak of this custom prevailing among the native Hunter community living in hills (Kurinji) and the worship of Mahishasura-mardhini. This custom also contains another practice which now exists as Kumari worship in Nepal. 

In the chapter tilted Vettuva vari, it is said that the priestess of the Durga temple went into a trance and called for the worship / appeasement of Durga because the community was not prospering well. As part of worship of Durga, the hunter community chose a young girl from the community having specific characteristics and dressed her like Goddess Durga. The dressing up is similar to what we hear of the Kumari of Nepal. A third eye is also painted on her forehead. They sing and dance keeping her as the Goddess. 



                                                      Kumari of Nepal

The narration goes further to describe the song and dance sequences of the Hunters in praise of Durga. There is it said in more than one places that she (Durga) is the one who killed Mahisha. The slaying of Mahisha is described leaving no doubt about this worship being the precursor of the Durga Puja of today. There is also the mention of the dance of Durga on the wooden poles (marakkaal aattam) which is one of the 11 ancient forms of Dances mentioned in old Tamil texts. At the end of the worship an animal sacrifice was done. There is no clue about which animal was sacrificed. But going by the practice of large scale sacrifice of buffalos in Nepal and the sacrifice being done for the sake of Mahishasura mardini, it is possible to assume that they sacrificed buffalos.

There is another reason to support this. This worship and the song (vari-p-paadal) describe the profession of the hunters as taking up the flag of Lion with Goddess Durga leading them in the front in their incursions into other people’s territories with the aim of stealing the cattle. The stolen cattle are distributed among all the people living in their area. The song goes on as a conversation with Durga showing her how they have distributed the stolen cattle among different people. The song also tells that in return for the cattle riches that Durga helped them to get, the hunters paid her back with the blood of the sacrificed animals. In all probability the sacrificed animal is a cattle or Buffalo which signifies Mahisha asura, whom Durga slayed.

This practice of dressing a girl as Durga and worshiping Durga as Mahishasuramardini was being done whenever the Hunter community sensed some bad times for them. This means that this worship could have taken place many times in a year or once in many years depending upon the ‘need’ they felt in their status of well being. This worship existed before Silappadhikaram times, that is, two thousand years ago. In contrast the Kumari Puja in Nepal and Durga Puja in Calcutta have risen at later dates. The picture found in Wikipedia article on Durga Puja shows a hunter in Durga puja.



                              Image of Durga in an early 19th century lithogragh.


In my opinion the worship described in Silapapdhikaram must have been there even before Mahabharatha times, for we have a mention of a place called Mahisha in South India  in Mahabharatha in the narration of Sanjaya to Dhristharashtra after he got the Divine Eye to see the war at Kurukshetra. This Mahisha is present day Mysore. In Tamil it was called Erumai or Erumaiyur meaning Buffalo.  This region may have been one of the oldest places occupied by hunters whose form of worship got modified as Durga Puja in later times.


Looking into further antiquity, I would say that worship of Durga existed 1000s of years ago in the sunken parts of Kumari lands which I would call as Shaka Dweepa, because there comes a description of a place called Durga-saila in Sanjaya’s description of Shaka dweepa in Mahabharatha. He locates this place in the now-sunken mountain range called “Ninety East Ridge” which coincides with the 90th meridian. Andaman and Nicobar islands are the  visible parts of this ridge . The location of Durga saila is just above the Equator according to his narration. We have to find out if the Anadaman tribes also have a practice of worshiping a female deity after their hunting expeditions.  




From Durgasaila in an undated past, the worship of Durga could have come to Tamil lands among the Hunter community and then spread throughout India.

-          Jayasree

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From

ஆயுத பூசையும் அறிவாலய மடாதிபதியும்!

First Published : 10 Oct 2011



ஆயுத பூசை இந்த ஆண்டும் வந்தது. வழக்கம்போல அரசியல் தலைவர்கள் வாழ்த்து தெரிவித்தனர். வழக்கத்துக்கு மாறாக கருணாநிதி, சென்ற ஆண்டைப் போல, ஆரியர் திருவிழா என்று சொல்லவில்லை. திகார் திகிலில் சிக்கி இருப்பதால், சென்ற ஆண்டைப் போல திராவிட பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் பாடம் படிக்க வேண்டும் என்று யாருக்கும் அறிவுரை வழங்கவில்லை.


இவரின் கலைஞர் தொலைக்காட்சி விடுமுறை தின நிகழ்ச்சி என்று தன் சிறப்பு மசாலாக்களை ஒளிபரப்பியது. கருணாநிதி குடும்பத்தைப் பொறுத்தவரை திராவிட- ஆரியப் பித்தலாட்டம் எப்பவும் அரசியலுக்குத்தானே தவிர, குடும்ப நிறுவனங்களின் வியாபார ஆதாயத்துக்கு ஒரு நாளும் குறுக்கே நின்றது கிடையாது.


தொன்மையான தமிழ் நூல் தொல்காப்பியம். ஒரு மன்னனையும் அவன் அரசாட்சியையும் எப்படி புகழ்ந்து பாட வேண்டும் என்று இலக்கணம் வடித்துள்ளது. ""உளியின் ஓசை பாடல் அரங்கேற்றம், 50-ம் திரைப்பட கதை-வசனம், பெண் சிங்கம் வெற்றி விழா'' போன்றவற்றை எல்லாம் புகழ்ந்து பாடுவதை பிழைப்பாகக் கொள்ளக்கூடாது என்பதற்காக எழுதப்பட்ட இலக்கணம் தொல்காப்பியம். ஆனால், ""பூங்கா கண்ட நவீன தொல்காப்பியர் கருணாநிதி''யின் கண்ணில் படாத, தொன் பெரும் தொல்காப்பியத் திணைக்கு பாடான் திணை என்று பெயர்.


இதில், "மானார்ச் சுட்டிய வாண்மங்கலமும்'' (பொருள் அதிகாரம் - 91) என்று ஆயுத பூசை பற்றிக் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ளது.

மானார் என்ற சொல்லுக்கு மாண்புடையவர், போர் பயிற்சி பெரும் மாணவர், வெற்றி பெற்றவர் என்றெல்லாம் உரையாசிரியர்கள் பொருள் படுத்துகிறார்கள். ஆனால் அனைவரும் ஒப்புக்கொள்வது, இவர்கள் போர்க் கலங்களை நீராட்டிப் பூசை செய்கிறார்கள் என்பதுதான். இதன் மூலம் ஆயுத பூசை போற்றிப் பாடப்பட வேண்டிய ஒன்று என்று முதல் தமிழ் நூல் குறிப்பிடுகிறது. இப்படி ஆயுத பூசை போற்றிப் பாடப்பட வேண்டும் என்று அறிவுறுத்துகிறது தொல்காப்பியம்.

எதிரியின் கோட்டையை சுற்றி வளைத்து பிடிப்பதைப் பற்றிய விவரத்தைச் சொல்வது உழிஞை திணை. இதில், "வென்ற வாளின் மண்ணோ டொன்ற'' (பொருள் அதிகாரம் - 68) என்று வெற்றி பெற்ற வாளை அபிஷேகம் செய்யும் குறிப்பு உணர்த்தப்படுகிறது.


"உடன் படு மெய்'' என்பதற்கு ஆசிரியரும் மாணவியும் இணைவதை உதாரணம் காட்டிய தொல்காப்பியப் பூங்கா எழுதி வக்கிரப் பார்வை பார்க்கும் கருணாநிதிக்கு ஆயுத பூசை எப்படிக் கண்ணில் படும்?


சென்ற ஆண்டு (2010) ஜெயலலிதா ஆயுத பூசை வாழ்த்து தெரிவித்தவுடன், ஜெயலலிதாவை ஆரியர் என்றார் கருணாநிதி. அப்படி என்றால் ஆயுத பூசை கொண்டாடுபவர்களும் ஆரியர்கள்தானே? சங்க இலக்கியமான பதிற்றுப் பத்து, மள்ளர்கள் ஆயுத பூசை கொண்டாடியதை விவரிக்கிறது. ஆயுத பூசையைக் கொண்டாடிய பாவத்திற்காக மள்ளர்கள் ஆரியர்களாகி விடுவார்களா?

"
றொன்மிசைந் தெழுதரும் விரிந்திலங் கெஃகிற்

றார்புரிந் தன்ன வாளுடை விழவிற்

போர்படு மள்ளர் போந்தோடு தொடுத்த
கடவுள் வாகைத் துய்வீ யேய்ப்ப''

என்கிறது பதிற்றுப் பத்து (பாட்டு-66).

மள்ளர்கள் கேடயத்தையும் பூ மாலைபோல் பல வாள்களைக் கட்டி தொங்க விட்டும், அவற்றை பனை நாரினால் தொடுத்த வாகைப் பூ மாலை இட்டும் வணங்கினர் என்ற செய்தியை இந்த பாடல் தெரிவிக்கிறது. இந்தக் குறிப்பின்படி, இந்த விழவு மழைக்காலத்தில் நடந்திருக்க வேண்டும். வாகை மரம் மழைக்காலங்களிலும் பூக்கும் என்று இந்திய தாவரங்களைப் பற்றிய நூலான Flora Indica or Descriptions of Indian plants, Vol I By William Roxburgh, Nathaniel Wallich  குறிப்பிடுகிறது.

வாகை மலருக்கு வட மொழியில் "சீர்ஷா' என்று பெயர். அளகாபுரி நகரில், பெண்கள் கடம்ப மலரை தலையிலும் செந்தாமரையைக் கைகளிலும் "சீர்ஷா' என்ற வாகையைக் காதுகளிலும் அணிந்து கார் காலத்தில் அழகு பார்த்ததாக காளிதாசரின் "மேகதூதம்' குறிப்பிடுகிறது.


தமிழகத்தில், "வள்ளல்' என்ற சொல்லைக் கேட்டவுடன் நம் நினைவுக்கு வருபவர் அதியமான். இந்த அதியமானுக்கும், தொண்டைமான் என்ற மன்னனுக்கும் போர் மூளும் தறுவாயில், அப்போரைத் தடுக்க தமிழ் மூதாட்டி ஒüவையார் அதியமான் அரண்மனைக்குச் சென்றார். தொண்டைமானின் ஆயுதக் கொட்டிலில் போர்க் கலங்கள் நெய் பூசி, அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்டு வைத்திருந்ததைப் பார்த்து, தொண்டைமானிடம் அதியமான் அரண்மனையில் உள்ள ஆயுதங்கள் எல்லாம் கொல்லன் பட்டறையில் இருக்கிறது. ஆனால் இங்கோ பூசையில் வைக்கப்பட்டு இருக்கிறதே என்ற கேட்டதாக செய்தி ஒன்று காணப்படுகிறது. அரண்மனைக் கொட்டிலில் ஆயுதங்களுக்கு பூசை செய்யும் பழக்கம் புறநானூற்றுக் காலத்தில் இருந்த விவரம், முழுமையாகவும் முறையாகவும் சங்க இலக்கியம் படித்தவர்களுக்குத் தெரியும். பலருடைய உரைகளை ஒருங்கிணைத்து "சங்கத் தமிழ்' என்று தனது பெயரில் வெளியிட்டு மகிழ்ந்தவர்களுக்கு எப்படித் தெரியும்?


5-
ம் நூற்றாண்டில் வாழ்ந்தவர் கருவூர் புகழ் சோழநாயனார். இந்த சோழ மன்னனின் பட்டத்து யானை, கோயிலுக்கு மலர் கொண்டு சென்ற பக்தன் சிவகாமி ஆண்டாரின் பூக்கூடையைத் தூக்கி எறிந்தது. இதைப் பார்த்த எரிபத்த நாயனார், பட்டத்து யானையையும் அதன் பாகனையும் வெட்டிச் சாய்த்தார் என்கிறது பெரிய புராணம்.


இதில் கவனிக்க வேண்டிய விஷயம் என்னவென்றால், அந்த பட்டத்து யானை புரட்டாசி நவமியன்று அபிஷேகம் செய்யப்பட்டு, அழைத்து வரப்பட்டது என்பதுதான். வாகனங்களை ஆயுத பூசை காலங்களில் அபிஷேகித்து, மரியாதை செய்வது 5-ம் நூற்றாண்டுத் தமிழர் மரபு. கி.பி. 897-ம் ஆண்டு திருவக்கரை சந்திரமௌலீஸ்வரர் ஆலயக் கல்வெட்டு, சித்ரா பௌர்ணமி மற்றும் புரட்டாசி ஓணத் திருவிழாக்கள், அபிஷேகத்துடன் கொண்டாடப்பட்டதாக

"சித்திரை திங்கள் சித்திரையும்பிரட்டாதி ஓணமும்''

என்று தெரிவிக்கிறது. (South Indian Inscriptions, Vol 13, No 317, Archeological Survey of India)


புரட்டாசி மாதம் திருவோண நட்சத்திரம், வளர்பிறை தசமி திதியில் வரும். அதுவே விஜய தசமியாகக் கொண்டாடப்படுகிறது.

விழுப்புரம் மாவட்டத்தில் 12-ம் நூற்றாண்டைச் சேர்ந்த இறையான் நறையூர் (இலவா நாசூர்) கோப்பெருஞ்சிங்கன் கல்வெட்டுகளில், புரட்டாசி ஓணத் திருவிழா ஒரு பிரசித்தி பெற்ற பெருவிழாவாகக் கொண்டாடப்பட்ட தகவல் காணப்படுகிறது. விஜய நகரப் பேரரசு கி.பி. 1336-ல் தோன்றியது என்பது ஓரளவு வரலாறு படித்தவர்களுக்குத் தெரியும். இப்படி இருக்க, நாயக்கர்கள் ஆயுத பூசையைப் புகுத்தினார்கள் என்று சொல்வது கருணாநிதியின் அறியாமையா அல்லது வாடிக்கையான விஷ(ம)த்தனமா?


தான் உய்யா விட்டாலும் கவலையில்லை. உலகத்தின் கடை நிலை மனிதன் உய்தால் போதும் என்று, சமூகத்தின் மிகவும் தாழ்த்தப்பட்டவனுக்கு இறை வழியைப் போதித்த இராமானுசரின் ஸ்ரீபெரும்புதூர் கோயில் கல்வெட்டில், நவராத்திரி கொலு கொண்டாடப்பட்டதற்கான குறிப்பு 16-ம் நூற்றாண்டிலேயே பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்த இலக்கியக் குறிப்புகளிலும் கல்வெட்டுக் குறிப்புகளிலும் இடம்பெறும் மள்ளர்களும் (தேவேந்திர குலத்தோர்), மன்னர்களும், புலவர்களும், புரவலர்களும், நாயன்மார்களும், ஆழ்வார்களும் நம் மூதாதையர்களும் தமிழர்களில்லையா?


அறிவாலயத்தால் அங்கீகரிக்கப்படுபவன் மட்டுமே தமிழன், கோபாலபுரத்தாருக்கு எடுக்கப்படுவதே விழா என்று பூனை கண்ணை மூடினால் உலகம் இருண்டுவிடும் என்று கருதுபவர்களுக்கு இதெல்லாம் எங்கே தெரியப்போகிறது?




Monday, October 3, 2011

Prophesies of Dr Subramanian Swamy.


Readers, please don't get offended by the title. I gave this title because Dr Swamy is becoming an envy of many an astrologer including me;)




http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2011/09/29/maran-brothers-will-land-jail-dr-subramanian-swamy


Maran brothers will land in jail: Dr Subramanian Swamy


By K.T.Rajasingham , editor

Fri, 2011-09-30


Janata party chief Dr Subramanian Swamy is called in the media as a "One man demolition army'. Once Swamy gets after some one, he can make life miserable for him. Currently, he is after Home Minister P. Chidambaram over his alleged role in the 2G Spectrum scam. He has submitted lot of documents to back his charges on which the Supreme Court will take a decision shortly.

Asian Tribune Editor K.T. Rajasingham spoke to Dr Swamy on current political issues in India, including the role of Maran brothers in the Aircel sale and the fate of Rajiv Gandhi assassins in death row.


Excerpts from the interview:

Asian Tribune: I was reading a news item that you were preparing to file cases in 2G Spectrum scam against Sonia Gandhi's son in law Robert Vadra and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. Karunanidhi?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: No I did not say "attempt." I said that they are on my list. I have to decide which one of them I have to file first.


Asian Tribune: Do you think that Karunanidhi was also involved in this scam?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Obviously. He has himself said that in public and it was published in the newspapers that whatever his daughter Kanimozhi had done was on his behest. This is in record. Therefore, he has self-incriminated himself.


Asian Tribune: Is there documents available incriminating as that of others?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Well, I never speak unless I have documents.


Asian Tribune: OK. Now I wish to ask you about the Maran brothers – Kalanidhi Maran – the owner of the Sun TV Network and Dayanidhi Maran, former Minister and presently an MP and the grand nephews of DMK patriarch Karunanidhi?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: That is all complete now and it is only a matter of days they will go to jail.


Asian Tribune: Both of them or just Dayanidhi Maran?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Both. No doubt, it will be both of them.


Asian Tribune: What they have done other than the Aircel involvement?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: First of all Dayanidhi Maran misused his office to ensure on Sri Lankan Tamil called Ananda Krishnan born and brought up in Malaysia, He wanted to enter Indian market. So one Indian Tamil Sivasankaran… he has Aircel and wants to have licences. But Maran was not issuing them by putting forward one objection after another. So finally Maran made it clear to him that we will not allow you to do business on one pretext or other…therefore, you better sell it to Max which is owned by Ananda Krishnan. So he sold it. The day he sold it, then all the objections raised against Aircel was withdrawn. Thereafter, Max invested Rs. 600 crores in Sun TV and its affiliates.


Asian Tribune: How can a Sri Lankan origin Malaysian do business in India?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: We are not barring people, foreigners from doing business in India. The factual matter is that his antecedents has not been checked. Our intelligence has information which has to be converted into evidence. The Government has no statement on Ananda Krishnan's involvement with the LTTE.


Asian Tribune: Do you mean the Sri Lankan Government:


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Yes.


Asian Tribune: But he is not a Sri Lankan for the Sri Lankan Government to make a statement.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Yes ,he is a Sri Lankan, because his father came from Sri Lanka.


Asian Tribune:Yes ,those days, but now he is a Malaysian national.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Yeah he is a Malaysian National but he is also doing business in your country.


Asian Tribune: Yes.. He is having a branch office operation of Aircel and I am not aware of his any other business involvements.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Therefore, it your (Sri Lanka's) responsibility also to investigate him.


Asian Tribune: You mean to insist that it is Sri Lanka's responsibility also to investigate him.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: I was told that he laundered the money for KP.


Asian Tribune: Only two days ago I spoke to him.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: You talk to him and make a statement. It will come useful to us in the courts here.


Asian Tribune: If you want to talk to him I will tell him so.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: No ,I don't want to talk to him. I don't know when he is telling the truth. He might tell the truth to you people, because he is living in your country.


Asian Tribune: So far no action has been taken against KP in India in the Rajiv Gandhi murder case?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Well (laughing) these are small potatoes. The main man is not … (in audible). Others are making noises. We will .. The Rajiv Gandhi assassination will catch fire after this government goes. It is my view that Sonia Gandhi and LTTE had long time association.


Asian Tribune: What about those three convicts?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Nothing will happen. There is no law supporting them. The High Court with the mob standing out has sought the clarification. Why should you delay. That itself is an interesting question. It will backfire with Vaiko. He was seven years out of the eleven years no ten years with the ruling party. With the ruling coalition. Who is he to talk about the delay? What was he doing for seven years? And Mr. Jethmalani who is his advocate was a Minister for five years or six years.


Asian Tribune: Is one of the convict is Vaiko's own brother?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Yeah. His brother is not facing death sentence but long sentence.


Asian Tribune: One of the three?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: One of the three is not his brother.


Asian Tribune: About Union Home Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Well about Chidamparam, I am investigating. He has asked a former Sri Lankan Father Casper or somebody to go and meet Prabhakaran 10 days before … before I think two weeks before his death .. Prabhakaran's death.

Chidambaram assured Prabhakaran if he signs a piece of paper assuring peace then he has told that Prabhakaran will be assured that he could leave for another country.


Asian Tribune: Did Chidamparam ensured that?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Chidambaram was to send this message through Father Casperz to Prabhakaran.


Asian Tribune: Father Casperz works closely with Kanimozhi. He is her associate you know? [ Father Jegath Gasper Raj ]


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: That's correct. He received money for his Tamil Maiyam from the Tatas. And from other 2 G Spectrum licensed entities.


Asian Tribune: Do you think Father Casperz is a Sri Lankan?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: He is originally a Sri Lankan. Most of our criminals are originally Sri Lankans.


Asian Tribune: You are incriminating the Sri Lankans?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Well what to do? You crack down on Chandrika's days. You were all running up and down. Ranil Wickremasinhe was talking to them. You brought these crazy Norwegians. They want to mess up in every other people's dispute. Why did you entertain them? Now you are not changing the constitution to devolve power to the Tamils.


Asian Tribune: Present Indian Finance Minister has a spat with Chidambaram.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Present Finance Minister Pranab Mukerjee is OK.


Asian Tribune: About that letter from the Finance Ministry?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: There is no letter. This all lose talk of letter. It is an office memorandum. It becomes part of the official file. This was written after consultation and Pranab only allows all communications go out in the name of a director at the Ministry. Even my appointment letter when I became a Minister was signed by a Deputy Director.


Asian Tribune: Then why Sonia Gandhi is stepping in the spat between Chidambaram and Pranab Mukerjee?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Where is she interfering?


Asian Tribune: She has said 2G Spectrum issue has nothing to with Chidambaram and all?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Who said? Did you talk to her?


Asian Tribune: No, it was in the papers.


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: You mean some statements appeared in the papers. But we don't know who issued it? Unless Sonia Gandhi comes out in the public and addresses the Press, how can one be sure of those alleged statements of Sonia Gandhi? I am not trying to exonerate her. I am of the opinion she is involved in this case. After Chidambaram, I am going to be after her his son- in- law. And it is only a matter days, I will go after her. She got the lion share of the bribe.


Asian Tribune: What is the amount involved as her share. According to you?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: She got somewhere around Rs. 36,000 crores.


Asian Tribune: How exact is your figure?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: I will present these details only to Supreme Court.


Asian Tribune: It was reported that CBI was not interested in your submission?


Dr. Subramanian Swamy: Yeah, Who cares? I am asking the courts and not the CBI. I am accountable to the court.



- Asian Tribune -





"Who is govt shielding in HSBC, Liechtenstein tax-haven lists?" by Prof R. Vaidyanathan

( Prof R. Vaidyanathan's revelations on why black money held abroad is dangerous for India make a worrisome reading. Will India under the UPA get back the black money?)

From

Who is govt shielding in HSBC, Liechtenstein tax-haven lists?

Oct 1, 2011
by
By R Vaidyanathan
PROFESSOR OF FINANCE                                             
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT  
BANGALORE

Barack Obama is concerned about it, Angela Merkel is furious about it and Nicholas Sarkozy wants to regulate it. But the leaders of one of the countries most affected by the phenomenon of tax evasion and black money in safe havens – India – don't want to do much about it.

Tax havens and offshore financial centres are where tax evaders and criminal elements hoard their ill-gotten wealth. In the midst of the Anna movement, one important thing – namely, black money abroad – has been pushed to the background. But this is really the Gangotri of corruption and we are doing little about it. Consider the following two examples:

The Liechtenstein affair: Liechtenstein is a tiny country and a convenient "letter box" for moneyed people all over the world to hide their illegal wealth. Germany's intelligence agency seems to have paid an unnamed informer more than US$ 6 million for confidential and secret data about the clients of LGT group, a bank owned by the Liechtenstein Prince's family.

The German government has announced that it will share information on accounts held in the tax haven with any government that asks for it. Finland, Sweden, Norway, UK, France, the US and Australia have expressed interest in the data obtained by Germany.

Now, the interesting and intriguing part is this: the Indian government was initially very reluctant to get that data from Germany. It finally got the data under public pressure in 2009. More than 100 names are presumably in that list. But the results have not been shared with Indian citizens, though some newspapers and TV channels have it.



Headquarters of the Liechtensteinische Landesbank bank Reuters

It is common knowledge that billions of dollars of Indian money is in various tax heavens like Antigua, Switzerland, Bahamas, Liechtenstein, Isle of Man, and St Kitts. But all our leaders – be they in  business, politics, films, sports or bureaucracy – are keen on keeping a conspiratorial silence.

The government is not releasing the names obtained from Germany and claims it is due to the double taxation treaty with that country. The data stolen by Germany from its neighbour is nowhere linked to our treaty since it does not pertain to any misdemeanor by Indians vis-vis Germany. But the government is intransigent. Who is it trying to protect?

Illegal money with HSBC: A few months ago, the Indian government got data on nearly a thousand accounts of Indians allegedly holding illegal wealth with HSBC Bank in Switzerland. This data was obtained by France from people who had stolen the data – more than 15,000 accounts – from HSBC's data files. The French have given the full data set to us. The government of India is not telling the citizens what action it is taking. It does not want to share the names.

When quizzed about it, the finance minister chants the same mantra about double taxation treaties when those treaties take only prospective effect. What is needed is the political will to bring back the illegal funds accumulated abroad. From Bofors to CWG to 2G to Hasan Ali – all illegal money takes us to tax havens. The size of the illegal stash abroad by Indians is estimated anywhere between half a trillion ($500 billion) and one-and-a-half trillion ($1,500 billion).

Why black money held abroad is dangerous for India: The issue of black money held abroad is of paramount importance for four reasons.
Every two-bit expert on the Indian stock markets knows that our markets are moved by external flows – both inflows and outflows. Such flows may be the ill-gotten wealth of Indians kept abroad in tax havens or domestic funds sent out and brought back to facilitate these activities.

In other words, the destabilisation of our stock markets can be done using the black money in tax havens. The movement of the Sensex may not be related to the performance of our economy but to the actions of these black money holders.

The second concern is: are we adequately sterilised in terms of know your customer (KYC)? This is in the context of the concern expressed by our former National Security Advisor (MK Narayanan) regarding the possibility of terror funds coming through the financial markets.

Third, there is a question-mark about our ability to formulate policies without being blackmailed by foreign governments. For instance, many may not know that De La Rue Giori – the owner of more than 90 percent of the world's currency printing business  in Switzerland – was one of the passengers in the Indian Airlines plane hijacked to Kandahar. (Time magazine, 17 January 2000). It is easy to imagine the type of pressure that could have been applied by the Swiss on our government at the time of the hijack.

If a large number of our elites hold illegal money in foreign countries like Switzerland, then we will be prone to manipulation in terms of policy formulation. It is not clear what role was played by various foreign agencies in the Kandahar hijack. Even now it is not clear if our foreign minister handed over dollars or Swiss currency to the hijackers. The true history may come out sometime in the future.

The same is the case with the Bofors funds. The Swedish authorities knew the names of beneficiaries and accounts since the bribe originated there. The Swiss government also knows the identities, since the money went into Swiss banks. The British government also has some idea, since some money was kept with Barclays by Ottavio Quattrochi and defrozen by our government from London.

The fourth issue is about getting arm-twisted in our economic and foreign policy formulations. It is pertinent to note that if the CIA knows about our leaders holding black money in tax havens, then there is a strong possibility that the ISI can also have that data. This is the danger faced by our republic. Our national policies may not be formulated in Delhi, but in Washington or Islamabad – if they have the data and can use it to pressure our leaders.

To protect and  preserve our republic we need to insist on exposing and bringing back this black money. Is there political will among India's ruling class to put the issue of tax havens on the global agenda and compel other developed countries to facilitate the closure of these accounts? If not, we are doomed to be indirectly ruled by western spy agencies who have enough information to blackmail our policy-makers.

The tiny island absurdities had their place in the sun in the 20th century. But in the 21st century, integrity is the motto and transparency the mantra. India should pass a law making all the illegal wealth held abroad as part of a new national trust. We should, along with other emerging markets, arm-twist these tiny islands to give back our money.

India should bring sanity to the global financial markets and joy to millions of pauperised persons in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Let us be proactive and not be ruled by outsiders by cleaning up the global financial system.