Wednesday, April 15, 2026

Contents of "Ramayana 5114 BCE: Decoding the Date and Myths"

Ramayana 5114 BCE: Decoding the Date and Myths is a landmark work that presents a rigorous, text-based investigation into one of the greatest epics of human civilization. Rooted exclusively in the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa and supported by parallel narratives from the Mahābhārata, this book seeks to decode longstanding myths, resolve internal contradictions, and establish a historically grounded date for the events of the Rāmāyaṇa.

Spanning 973 pages and supported by 1962 verses from the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, this book starts with three foundational chapters that introduce key concepts essential for understanding the inquiry. The work is then systematically organized into three major parts:

Part I: Decoding Myths and Secrets of the Rāmāyaṇa (200 chapters)

Part II: Resolving Conflicts in the Rāmāyaṇa (20 chapters)

Part III: The Dating of the Rāmāyaṇa (14 chapters)

The book is going to be released n 26th April, 2026. The dispatch will begin on 27th April. A QR code is given below to enable interested readers to pre-order a copy by filling up a form with shipping address and contact number. Those who pre-ordered before 26th April can get the book without shipping cost.  



The contents of the book are provided below to get an idea about what you can expect in the book.

 ***

Table of Contents

Fundamental Concepts. 2

1.The Yuga System... 4

What is a Yuga?. 4

Divya Yuga:. 5

Cosmic Significance. 6

Ancient Calculations in Jyotiṣa Siddhānta. 8

Application in Saṅkalpa. 9

Does Catur Yuga consist of 12,000 years?. 10

Pañca-Varṣa Yuga (Five- Year Yuga). 12

Salient features of the five-year Yuga:. 12

Dharma Yuga. 14

Itihāsa proof for Dharma Yuga. 18

Rāmāyana in Tretā Dharma Yuga. 18

Dharma Yuga depends on the rule of law.. 19

Spiritual Fulfilment. 20

Avatāra-s manifest in the Dharma Yuga. 20

Beginning of Kṛta Yuga in Dharma Yuga. 23

Transition from one Yuga to another. 25

The chronology of Dharma Yuga cycle. 26

Confusion: The 28th Dvāpara Yuga or 28th Time in Dvāpara Yuga?. 26


2. Vedic Astronomy on why Rāmāyana’s seasons continue to remain the same today. 29

Rāmāyana’s Consistency with Seasonal Patterns. 29

The current theory of Precession. 31

Challenges to the Western Theory of Precession. 32

Unlocking the mystery of the Equinox’s fixed date. 35

The wavy path of planets. 36

The Sun’s movement: A key to understanding the equinox shift. 38

To and fro oscillation reduces seasonal variation. 40

Why Rāmāyana’s seasons align with present day’s. 44

Same pole star, Then and Now.. 45


3. Mismatch of tithi and birth star of Rāma. 48

Tithi-Star Anomaly: Sun’s Position in Aries. 50

Tithi-Star Mismatch in Rāma’s Birth: Impact of Pre-Mahābhārata Tithi Loss. 52


PART -I. 56

Decoding Myths and Secrets of the Rāmāyana. 56


1. Purpose of Rāmāvatāra. 57

2. Verses on Rāma as a Manushya avatāra. 58

3. Verses on Rāma as God. 69

Rāma as God:. 70

Rāma compared with God:. 72

Rāma compared with God Śiva. 73

Rāma: Man, and God united. 74

4. Verses on Vānara-s as human beings. 75

5. Verses on Jatāyu-Sampāti as human beings. 78

6. Rāmāyana within Rāmāyana. 79

7. Sītā’s trials: An open letter to Rāma. 82

8. Reply from Srī Rāma to my open letter. 84

9. Verses on Sītā as Lakshmī 86

10. Why Vālmīki wrote the Rāmāyana. 92

11. How many Rāmāyana-s did Vālmīki write?. 94

12. Did Vālmīki compose Uttara Kāṇḍa?. 97

13. Sītā’s divine appearance: A glimpse. 99

14. How Sītā was addressed by different persons. 104

15. The Tilaka of Sītā. 106

16. Sītā’s attire. 108

Veil covering the head and face. 109

Three-piece attire of Sītā. 111

17. The early evidence of silk in the Rāmāyana. 113

Silk References in the Vālmīki Rāmāyana. 113

Native silk moths of Bhārat. 114

18. Verses on silk in the Rāmāyana. 117

19. Ornaments worn by Sītā. 120

South Indian Practice. 122

20. Cūḍāmaṇi 123

21. Jewels thrown by Sītā at the Vānara-s. 125

22. Rama’s divine appearance. 127

23. Sāmudrika lakṣaṇa of Rāma. 131

24. How Rāma was addressed by others. 134

25. How Daśaratha addressed Rāma. 136

26. Rāma compared with Aśvinī stars. 137

27. Rāma’s qualities. 139

28. Rāma’s quality most liked by Sītā. 143

29. Rāma’s Skills. 145

30. Rāma's Skills put to test by Sugrīva. 147

31. Rāmatvam of Rāma. 149

32. Rāma’s Promises. 150

33. Rāma’s Dharma. 153

34. Ārya in the Rāmāyana. 154

35. Description of Ayodhyā. 160

36. Rāmāyana-Era Highway. 163

37. Rāma’s Palace. 166

38. People of Ayodhyā. 168

39. Sūta and Māgadha: The panegyrists of Ayodhyā. 170

Antiquity of Sūta, Māgadha, and Vaitālikā. 171

40. Temples of Ayodhyā. 173

41. Deities worshiped by Rāma and Kausalyā. 175

42. Rice in Rāma’s period. 177

43. Daśaratha’s daughter. 180

44. The rituals done by Daśaratha to get progeny. 183

45. Putrakāmeṣṭi Yajña and Yajña Puruṣa. 185

46. Birthplace of Rāma. 187

Is Janmasthān a mere belief?. 188

47. Rāma’s birth place a Historical site: Acknowledged by Muslim writers. 189

48. Age of Rāma when he left with Viśvāmitra. 193

49. Bala – Atibala Vidya. 195

50. Sun-related mantra-s in the Rāmāyana. 197

51. Rāma Addressed as Kausalyā Suprajā Rāma. 200

52. Route taken by Viśvāmitra. 203

53. Rāma’s first target - Tāṭakā, a female. 208

54. Weapons given by Viśvāmitra to Rāma. 210

55. Viśvāmitra’s ancestry dispels Aryan Invasion Theory. 212

56. Climate change indicated by the legend of Umā and her curse. 215

Allegorical Meaning. 216

Amarnāth Peak: The abode of Śiva and Umā. 216

Climatic Aspects. 217

57. Deciphering the legend of Kārtikeya. 218

58. Out of India Migration (OIT) in Sagara’s time. 221

59. Descent of Gangā: Natural phenomenon or a civil engineering feat?. 224

The Quest to Bring Gangā to Earth. 225

60. Gangā’s Path: Āsetu Himācalam... 227

61. Churning of the Milky Ocean. 231

62. Symbolism of the Seven Marut-s. 234

63. Triple manifestation of Indra. 237

64. Vāmana: The Younger Brother of Indra. 240

Dīpāvaḷi related to the legend of Mahābali 241

Tamil Sangam description. 242

65. Did Ahalyā turn into a stone?. 244

66. The return of Mleccha-s to help Vasiṣṭha. 247

67. Astronomical significance of Triśaṅku episode. 250

Questions Arising from the Triśaṅku Episode. 252

Identification of the constellations. 252

68. Triśaṅku and Śambūka: A Study in Contrasts. 254

69. Demystifying Sītā’s birth. 258

70. The Śiva Dhanuṣ. 261

71. The competitors for Sītā’s hand. 263

72. Did Rāma agree to marry soon after breaking the bow?. 264

73. Rāma and Sītā’s age at marriage. 265

74. How was Rāma’s marriage conducted?. 268

75. Marriage vows. 271

76. Symbolism of the test given by Paraśurāma. 273

77. The intimacy between Rāma and Sītā. 275

78. Sudden decision of Daśaratha to crown Rāma. 277

79. Kaikeyī’s background. 279

80. The Significance of 14 Years in Exile. 281

81.Sita’s Brahmāstra: Striyam Puruṣa Vigraham... 283

82. Guha: An old friend of Rāma. 285

83. Why Sumantra was left behind. 287

84. Rāma’s Matted Locks. 288

85. Rāma asked Lakṣmaṇa to return. 289

86. Rāma, Sītā and Lakṣmaṇa: Shifting positions in the walks. 290

86. Description of forest life. 292

87. Bharadvāja’s varied reception styles. 294

88.Route to Citrakūṭa deciphered from Rāghava-Yātrā inscription   296

The date given in the inscription can be simulated:. 301

89. Description of Citrakūṭa. 304

90. Daśaratha’s sin. 307

91. Daśaratha’s last words. 309

92. How Daśaratha’s body was preserved. 311

93. Daśaratha’s wives. 312

94. Route to Kekaya. 314

Confluence of the Sarasvatī and Gaṅgā. 317

95. From Rāmāyana to Mahābhārata: The Shifting Course of the Sarasvatī 319

96. Kekaya (Bactria) debunks the Aryan Migration Theory. 324

Śibi, the ancestor of Rāma. 324

Vedic settlements before Śibi 326

Bactria: Part of Vedic Bhārat. 326

97. People who went to Citrakūṭa to bring back Rāma. 329

98. The ancestral oblations done by Rama. 331

99. The salient arguments of Jābāli 333

100. Were Buddha-s present in the Rāmāyana era?. 335

Westward migration of the Buddha-s. 337

101. World’s first documented Dharṇā done by Bharata. 339

102. The Reign of Rāma’s Pādukā. 340

103. Why Rama left Citrakūṭa. 342

104. Sītā’s advice to Rāma not to kill 343

105. Birth of Agastya and Vasiṣṭha from Mitra-Varuṇa. 345

106. Symbolism of Agastya stopping Vindhya Mountain. 349

Tropic of Cancer running across the Vindhya-s. 349

Nahuṣa’s Fall 353

107. Decipherment of the Agastya – Vātāpi lore. 357

108. Description of Agastya’s hermitage. 360

109. Weapons given by Agastya to Rāma. 361

110. Creation story told by Jatāyu. 362

111. Garbhottam features in the Hemanta ritu description. 365

What is Garbhottam?. 365

Garbhottam observation by Lakṣmaṇa. 366

112. The two women with Nose-cuts. 368

113. Brothers mentioned by Śūrpaṇakhā. 370

114. Rāvaṇa: of Tamil descent?. 372

115. Rāja Nīti spoken by Śūrpaṇakhā to Rāvaṇa. 374

116. Rāma's Rāja Nīti to Bharata versus Śūrpaṇakhā’s Counsel to Rāvaṇa: A Comparison. 376

117. What really triggered Rāvaṇa to abduct Sītā. 378

118. The legend of Garuda and Vālakhilya-s. 381

Location of Garuḍa, Giant tortoise and elephant. 381

Dwarf elephants of Indonesia. 384

Vālakhilya-s. 384

Were Hobbits same as Vālakhilya-s?. 385

119. Why Sītā desired the golden deer. 387

Sītā’s Affinity for Gold: A Reflection of Her Divine Nature. 388

Symbolism of desiring the golden deer. 389

120. Was there a Lakṣmaṇ Rekhā?. 390

121. Why Sītā was harsh in her words to Lakṣmaṇa. 392

Sītā treated Lakṣmaṇa as her son. 393

122. How Rāvaṇa decoyed Sītā. 395

123.The fight with Jatāyu. 398

124. People who had seen the abduction. 401

125. The Quest Begins: Rāma’s Search for Sītā. 402

126. Why Kabandha had a mangled body. 405

127. Why Kabandha directed Rāma to seek help from Sugrīva and not Vāli 406

128. Did Śabarī taste the fruits before giving them to Rāma?. 408

129.  Contrasting Penances: Śabarī and Śambūka. 409

130. Route to Lake Pampā. 411

The cave where Sugrīva was hiding. 413

131. Location of Kiṣkindhā. 417

132. Why Sugrīva felt safe in Rishyamūka. 420

133. How Vāli and Sugrīva became the sons of Indra and Sun. 421

134. Rāma - Sugrīva friendship: the ups and downs. 423

135. The creeper worn by Sugrīva for identification. 426

136. Did Rāma kill Vāli by hiding?. 427

137. Accusations of Vāli 428

138. How Rāma justified Vāli vadha. 430

139. Coronation of Sugrīva Like Human Monarchs. 434

140. Location of Prasravaṇa. 436

141. How Sugrīva became familiar with the World’s landmarks. 438

142. Vānara Description: Names and Appearance. 439

143. Hanumān’s Birth and origin of his name. 441

144. Why Hanumān Didn't Kill Vāli: An Exploration. 444

145. Did Jāmbavān exist across Eras?. 445

146. Vānara warriors: Their names and Armies. 447

147. The Vast Army of Vānara-s: A Numerical marvel 449

148. The Secret behind the Rikśa cave. 451

149. Jatāyu, Sampāti, and Śuka: The three men with wings. 455

150. Which Mahendragiri did Hanumān cross the sea From?. 458

151. Location of Kavāṭam... 461

152. Did four-tusked elephants exist during the Rāmāyana?. 466

153. Was Sītā powerless to vanquish Rāvaṇa?. 469

154. Rāvaṇa’s appearance. 471

155. The significance of Rāvaṇa’s name and titles. 473

156. Did Rāvaṇa possess ten heads?. 475

157. Women molested by Rāvaṇa and the curse. 478

158. Why didn't the curse on Rāvaṇa activate in Sītā's abduction. 480

159. Why Vibhīṣaṇa was accepted by Rāma. 481

160. Samudra Rājā’s appearance: Myth or Reality?. 483

161. The Vānara camp on the shores of Laṅkā. 485

162. Indrajit and the cause for his name. 487

163. Yajña conducted by Indrajit. 489

164. The secret to Indrajit’s invisibility in battle. 491

165. The two Rākṣasa-s Rāvaṇa trusted most. 494

166. The search for Sañjīvanī: Separating Myth from Reality. 495

167.  Death of Rāvaṇa: two versions. 500

168. Was Kubera a deity or a contemporary of Rāvaṇa?. 502

169. Location of Uttara Kuru. 505

170. Route to Uttarakuru. 509

171. Puṣpaka Vimāna: a Ratha or a Vimāna?. 515

172. Furniture in the Rāmāyana. 519

173. Iron in Rāmāyana: A challenge to established chronology. 521

174. Iron Age Timeline: Controversies over earlier onset. 523

Iron smelting by Marutta-s and Asur tribes. 524

175. Other metals in the Rāmāyana. 527

176. Bauxite mines in the Rāmāyana. 530

177. Horses in the Rāmāyaṇa: A rebuttal to AIT.. 531

178. Pet animals in the Rāmāyana. 534

179. Fauna of the Rāmāyana era: Same as today's species?. 535

180.  Asiatic lions in the Rāmāyana. 538

181. What makes the Krauñca, Sārasa, and Cakravāka birds unique?. 540

182. Crow symbolism: A Rāmāyana legacy. 543

Kāka-Śakuna:. 543

Kāka tālīya Nyāya:. 544

183. Flora of the Rāmāyana. 545

184. Do these Plants still exist today?. 550

Tropical Deciduous forests:. 550

Dry and moist deciduous forests:. 551

Sri Laṅkā’s Evergreen forests:. 551

Alpine semi-forests:. 551

185. Of insignia: banners, flags and Rāma’s ring. 553

Rāma’s ring. 554

186. Dreams in the Rāmāyana. 555

187. Did Rāma worship Mahādeva at Rameshwaram?. 558

No Brahmahatya dosha. 559

Mahābhārata version. 560

188. Nimitta-s in different contexts. 561

Types of external nimitta-s. 561

Nimitta-s during abduction. 562

Trijatā’s dream... 562

War-time nimitta-s. 562

189. Gifts given on various occasions. 563

Before exile. 563

The unacceptable gift. 563

Gifting out of affection and admiration. 564

Customary Gifts. 565

190. Length of Rāma Setu. 566

191. Abhivādana: a major cultural feature. 568

192. Belief in Karma. 569

Consequence of past karma. 570

193. Idea of wifehood in the Rāmāyana. 572

194. Why Brahmā gives boons to undeserving people too. 574

195. Festivities in Ayodhyā. 576

196. Ashtamaṅgala symbols. 577

197. The loyalty among four brothers. 579

198. Star based astrology (Tāra bala) popular in Rāma’s time. 581

199. Astrology and Astronomy in the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata: A Comparison. 583

Without Mahābhārata, Rāmāyana dating not possible. 583

Same verse in Rāmāyana and Mahābhārata. 584

Moon analogies. 585

Nimitta-s. 585

200. Rāma outside Bhārata Deśa. 586

Rāma’s Throne in Pakistan. 586

In Minoan art. 587

Rāma in the rock carvings of Iraq. 588

‘Rāma Effect’ in West Asia. 589

The Bible mentions Ramah. 589


PART - II. 591

Resolving Conflicts in the Rāmāyana. 591


1.Did Rāma live in Tretā Yuga lakhs of years ago?. 592

Vedavatī in Kṛta and Tretā yuga-s. 594

Śambūka in Tretā Yuga. 594

Agastya in Tretā Yuga. 595

Rāma lived in Tretā Sandhi 595

Paraśurāma’s time: Corroboration from Tamil sources. 596

2. The Short Gap between Rāmāyana and Mahābhārata: Fact or Fiction?. 599

List of 32 Kings: Rāma’s Lineage to Bṛhadbala. 599

Dhruvasandhi indicator. 601

3. Did Rāma rule for 11,000 years?. 606

Rāma’s 11,000-Year Reign. 606

Vedic Thought on age of man. 608

Age of man as per astrology. 616

Rāmāyana on extremely long life. 617

Mahābhārata on long years. 618

Jaimini Sūtras on equating a year to a day. 620

10,000 years of Rāma associated with Yajña. 621

The age of Rāma and Sītā. 622

4. Vānara-s: Human beings in disguise to escape from Paraśurāma  625

Daḍiga, a descendant of Dadhimukha. 627

The relatives of Vāli 628

The advantage of Vānara look. 629

Why Vulture-like Features were Preferred. 630

Vānara-s as a sect of Muṇḍa-s. 632

Native Tribes of Bhārat in the Rāmāyaṇa: A Story of Survival and Synergy. 633

5.The Manuṣya Bhāṣhā spoken by Hanumān and Sītā. 635

Has Valmiki mentioned the name of Manuṣya Bhāshā?. 635

Madhuram expressed to mean sweetness. 637

Where Madhuram does not mean sweet. 638

Hanumān’s first conversation with Rāma in Madhuram?. 640

Madhuram Bhāshā while being angry?. 643

Madhuram Bhāshā: Conversing in Native Tongue with ordinary People. 644

Hanuman and Sītā conversed in Madhuram language. 648

6. Tamil likely to be the Madhuram language. 653

Tamil as Madhuram language. 654

Deciphering ‘Kujantham’ verse. 655

Madhuram, likely to be ‘Corrupt Tamil.’. 657

Tamil proverb in Valmiki Ramayana. 659

The proverb in Tamil 661

7. Agastya and Vālmīki’s Tamil connection. 666

Agastya of the First Sangam period. 668

Agastya of the second Sangam period. 670

Origin of Tamil and Sanskrit. 671

Tolkāppiyar: Son of Jamadagni 673

Aindraṃ: The Ancient Vyākaraṇa familiar to Hanumān. 675

Sanskrit as part of Tamil 675

Vālmīki’s Tamil Expertise. 676

8. Did Rāma eat meat?. 679

Hunting, a pastime in the Rāmāyana Era. 679

Exile stipulation on roots and fruits. 682

Controversial verses on meat eating. 688

1.Sītā offered meat to the River Gangā. 688

2. On the third day of exile. 689

3. Rāma-Lakṣmaṇa Killed Deer and ‘Ate’. 690

4. Cooking Antelope meat in Citrakūṭa. 691

5. Eating goat-meat without offering. 691

6. Guha offered fish to Bharata. 692

7. Goat meat offered to the army by Bharadvāja. 693

8. Did Rāma give meat to Sītā?. 693

9. Did Rāma hunt animals in the forest for meat?. 693

10. Did Rāma eat hunted animals at Pampā lake?. 694

11. The nailed animal foods mentioned by Vāli 694

12. Did Hanumān mean that Rāma gave up meat?. 695

9. Countries to the east of Bhārata deśa. 696

Countries within Bhārata Deśa. 697

Andaman and Nicobar. 697

Counties to the east of Bhārata Deśa. 698

Udaya Giri, location of early Tamil people. 705

10. Countries to the west of Bhārata Deśa. 707

Location of Pāriyātra. 707

Extinct islands in North Arabian Sea. 708

Abode of Naraka in the Rāmāyana. 709

Meghavanta, the golden Mountain of Ethiopia. 711

Meru Sāvarṇi: Tropic of Cancer in North Africa. 712

Several Mountains of North Africa. 713

The date palm... 715

Mt. Astagiri, the sunset mountain. 716

11. Countries to the North of Bhārata Deśa. 718

Himālayan Mountain of Gold. 718

Sudarśana: Name of Mt. Everest?. 719

Mongolia mentioned in Sugrīva’s narration?. 721

Lake Vaikhānasa. 722

12. Countries to the South of Bhārata Deśa. 724

Sage Agastya’s abode. 724

Low sea level at Gulf of Mannar. 725

Gunung Padang mentioned by Sugrīva?. 726

Gunung Padang (Mt. Suryavān), the location of Sun worship?. 729

Agastya Bhavanam... 731

Sandalwood regions of Australia. 731

Land of Yama. 733

13. Location of Ravana’s Lanka. 734

Many Laṅkā-s in Bhārat. 734

The 100-Yojana Problem in Rāmāyaṇa Research. 735

The Equatorial Laṅkā Hypothesis. 736

The meaning and usage of the name Laṅkā. 737

The generality of the number “Hundred”. 739

Laṅkā in Astronomical tradition. 742

Southern Laṅkā. 744

Different names of Śrī Laṅkā. 745

Laṅkā in Inscriptions. 746

Siṃhala and Tāmbapannī in Śrī Laṅkā. 748

Rāvaṇa’s Capital 749

The Mountain of Laṅkā. 751

Later Traditions about the Mountain of Laṅkā. 752

Aśoka Vana. 756

Vibhīṣaṇa remembered in Laṅkā. 758

The identity of Rāvaṇa. 759

Yakṣa: The Balangoda Man?. 760

14. How did Hanumān cross the ocean – by swimming or leaping?. 763

Obstacles on the way. 767

Maināka. 767

Surasā. 769

Siṃhikā. 771

Verses on swimming. 772

Did Hanumān fly or swim?. 777

15. Rāma Setu: construction and proof of time. 779

Indications of a Pre-Existing Crossing in the Ocean Narrative. 779

Deluge in the Indian Ocean. 781

Loss of Southern Madurai during exile period. 782

Tsunami at Setu. 783

Reference to Sāmbar Lake. 789

Scientific validation of sea level rise 7k years ago. 793

Decoding the Southern shore. 795

Did the Sons of Sagara Excavate the Palk Strait?. 797

7000 Years Ago: Inundation of the natural barrier at Setu. 799

ISRO- NASA research on Rāma Setu’s depth. 801

16. Different routes to Laṅkā. 805

Route taken by Rāvaṇa. 805

Route taken by Vānara-s. 807

Route taken by Rāma. 808

Anginda Peak: Mahendragiri on Western Ghats. 809

Suvela, not Sigiriya, the Final stop of Rāma’s route. 812

17. The Chronology of the war for Sītā. 814

Rāvaṇa’s illusory deception of Sītā. 815

The First Combat: Between Sugrīva and Rāvaṇa. 816

First day of the war. 816

Indrajit’s night assault and the Serpent Arrows. 817

Rāvaṇa’s renewed attempt to demoralise Sītā. 818

Garuḍa’s Arrival 818

Rāma let Rāvaṇa return. 819

End of Kumbhakarṇa. 820

Sañjīvanī brought by Hanumān. 821

Death of Indrajit on the third night. 822

Battle with Rāvaṇa. 823

18.Was Sita wronged? – Fire ordeal and banishment. 827

The absence of suspicion in Rāma’s characterization. 827

Sītā’s Loyalty and Rāma’s burden of Royal Honour. 828

Rāma’s troubled reunion with Sītā. 830

The burden of Public opinion. 831

Rāma’s public rejection and Sītā’s courage. 832

Sītā’s defiant reply to Rāma. 834

Sītā’s trial by Fire. 835

The Fire-ordeal: Myth or Fact?. 837

Rāma’s harsh words to Sītā in the light of Dharma. 838

The times Rāma spoke of giving up Sītā. 839

The Mahābhārata on Sītā’s Agni Praveśa. 841

The Abandonment of Sītā. 842

Why the Uttara Kāṇḍa cannot be ignored. 844

The Rāmāyaṇa as Vālmīki’s strategy. 845

Lava and Kuśa before Rāma. 846

Sītā’s Final protest. 847

Sītā’s return to Earth: A geological possibility. 849

Was Sītā wronged?. 850

Sītā: The hidden force behind the Avatāra. 851

19.Genetic evidence for the date of the Rāmāyana. 853

Virādha, having semblance of Yamnaya. 854

Virādha, the Yamnaya, and the Pit-Grave Tradition. 855

The 7000-Year antiquity of the Pit-Grave Culture. 858

Autochthonous-origin of Yamnaya / rākṣasa in Bhārata Deśa. 858

Spread of the rākṣasa / Yamnaya outside Bhārata Deśa. 859

Neolithic Bottleneck and the Yamnaya expansion. 860

Surviving traces of the Giant-Bodied Strain. 863

20. Ramayana in Tamil sources. 866

Rāmāyana in Aganānūru. 866

Rāmāyana in Puranānūru. 869

A lost early Rāmāyana in Tamil 870

Rāmāyana in other Sangam texts. 871

Post Sangam texts. 872

The Chola-s as descendants of Rāma. 872

The Hanging Walls of Laṅkā Destroyed by Rāma. 873

Bhagavān Raṅganātha: Rāma’s gift to the Chola-s. 875


Part – III. 878

The Dating of the Rāmāyana. 878


1. Birth of Rāma. 879

Planetary combinations. 881

Birth of brothers of Rāma. 884

Fixed nature of Apogee, perigee and Anomalistic Year. 884

Daśā–Bhukti period at birth. 886

2. Viśvāmitra takes Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa to the forest. 887

The sequence of days after leaving Ayodhyā. 887

3. Deciphering the age of Rāma at the time of marriage. 890

Marriage date of Rāma and Sītā. 893

Rāma's age at the time of marriage. 894

Rāma’s age when he left Ayodhyā. 895

Nutshell:. 897

4. Deciphering Daśaratha’s birth star and his decision to crown Rāma. 898

Why did Daśaratha wait till Rāma’s 25th year?. 901

5. From exile to the death of Daśaratha. 903

Kausalyā’s clue to Rāma’s Age. 903

The year of Rāma’s Upanayana. 905

The Exile date. 905

Day by day sequence in exile. 908

6. Bharata’s return and Rāma’s sandals. 910

Sequence of events since Daśaratha’s death. 910

Rāma offered piṇḍa. 912

Bharata returned with Pādukā-s. 914

7. Asteroid-hit before the war with Khara. 915

Hemanta ṛtu in the 13th year. 915

Rising of the Puṣya star at night. 917

The bad omens before the war with Khara. 918

Significance of the Omens. 920

Kabandha-like appearance of the Sun. 920

The meteor effect. 921

Events in a nutshell 925

8. Abduction of Sītā. 926

Time of abduction indicated by Jaṭāyu. 926

Sītā’s birth star. 929

Lunar eclipse when Hanumān met Sītā. 931

9. Vāli Vadha and Sugrīva’s Coronation. 933

Death of Vaali 934

Coronation of Sugrīva. 936

10. Lunar eclipse when Hanumān landed in Aśoka Vana. 938

Proceeding towards the ocean. 939

Lunar eclipse. 940

Rāma set out with the Vānara Army. 943

11. Reaching Laṅkā. 946

The army moved at night. 946

Comet in Moola star. 948

Reached the shore. 949

Getting ready to cross the sea. 951

12. The war with Rāvaṇa and the end of exile. 953

Death of Indrajit. 953

Rāvaṇa  started the war with Rāma. 954

War intensified. 954

Two meteor-hits in two consecutive years. 958

Rāvaṇa’s death. 959

Intercalary months overlooked. 961

Rāma’s return from exile. 962

13. Timeline of the Rāmāyana. 965

Daśā–Bhukti of main events in Rāma’s life. 968

14. Some Musings from this Research. 969

Difference between the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata. 970

Interdependence of Dating: the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa. 971

Chronology encoded within the Itihāsa-s. 972

Rāmar Pādam (Rāma’s feet) at Kodikkarai 973

Conclusion. 974